Preheat the oven to 425ºF (220ºC) and line a muffin pan with paper liners.
Add the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, and nutmeg to a large bowl and whisk to combine. Set aside.
Add the bananas to a medium bowl and mash with a fork. Then add in the melted butter and brown sugar, whisking to combine.
Add the egg and vanilla and whisk to combine.
Add in the sourdough starter and whisk just until smooth and consistent.
Add the banana and sourdough mixture to the dry ingredients, and gently fold everything together until combined. Be careful not to overmix!
If using, add approximately 1 cup of the mix-ins of your choice and fold them into the batter.
Scoop the batter into the lined muffin pan, filling each all the way to the top. Sprinkle each muffin with coarse baking sugar (if desired).
Bake for 5 minutes at 425ºF (220ºC), then reduce the heat to 350ºF (177ºC). Bake for an additional 16-19 minutes, or until a toothpick comes out clean when inserted into the middle.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool in the pan for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
Serve and enjoy!